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The Slovo Building () is a residential, multi-story building in the Shevchenkivskyi District of Kharkiv. The shape of the building reflects the letter С (S in the Ukrainian language), the first letter of слово () or "word". The shape of the building symbolized its construction to house prominent Ukrainians writers, who lived there in over sixty apartments. Built in the late 1920s, it accommodated Ukrainian writers and poets, many of whom were later shot by the Communist authorities at Sandarmokh in Karelia, Russia. Today they are known as the "Executed Renaissance".
This affected the literary community, which had moved to Kharkiv from Kyiv because of the Ukrainization policy. Writers who could not afford the higher cost of housing lived in their offices or improvised homes: some poorly-housed writers stored their manuscripts in pots to keep Mouse from nibbling at the paper. One writer who lived at his office was Pavlo Tychyna after he became chief executive of the Chervony Shliakh magazine in 1923.
In the mid-1920s, Ostap Vyshnya, at that time part of a writers' organization called плуг, meaning the "Plough", asked the Soviet government to build an apartment complex to accommodate the most important Ukrainian . The idea was almost immediately approved by the Soviet authorities, who saw it as a way to keep tabs on the Ukrainian intellectuals, who would all live in the same building. The new complex was designed in September 1927 by architect Mytrophan Dashkevych, who designed the building in the shape of the letter C in the Cyrillic alphabet to stand for the first letter of слово, meaning word, and the building was named Слово (Slovo). As the building still lacked funds to complete its construction, Vyshnya went to Moscow in February 1929 and asked Joseph Stalin to fund the construction. Stalin agreed and gave the money the same day (on the condition that the residents paid it back within 15 years). The Slovo Building was completed on 25 December 1929.
It was built in lavish fashion by contemporary standards. Each apartment had 3–5 rooms, which was luxurious for the Interwar period Soviet Union. Five storeys high, the Slovo Building contained 66 apartments made of the best materials then available. A Sunroom and a shower were built on the roof, with a preschool kindergarten in the basement. Late in 1929, the residents moved in although the central heating was not installed until after New Year's Day 1930. They were nicknamed Slovyans by others. Each apartment had its own bathroom, central heating system, and . Artists were given in the building. After the "Great Patriotic War", an elevator was installed, providing access only to the ground and fifth floors.
The building was slightly damaged by a Russian shelling on March 7, 2022, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
As the years passed, more and more arrests were made. The largest number was in 1933. Ukrainian writer, Mykhailo Yalovy was arrested on 12 May 1933, accused of espionage and planning to assassinate the first secretary of the Kharkiv Party Committee Pavel Postyshev; he would be later to be executed at Sandarmokh on 11 March 1937. The day after Yalovy's arrest, Mykola Khvylovy, Mykola Kulish, and Oles Dosvitniy met to discuss what was going on. During their conversation, Khvylovy returned to his room. There he shot himself on 13 May 1933, revealing the despair the occupants of the Slovo Building now felt. Not only did they live under constant threat of arrest or death, the country was also living through the man-made famine of the Holodomor. The writer Serhiy Pylypenko was executed without trial on 23 February 1934. Others were arrested and sent to the Solovki prison camp in the White Sea: Les Kurbas, Ostap Vyshnya, Mykola Kulish, and Hryhorii Epik. Subsequently, they were all executed at Sandarmokh, except for Vyshnya (Cherry) who survived because he was ill. Forty of the 66 apartments in the Slovo Building were affected. A total of 33 were executed; five were sentenced to long terms of imprisonment in the Gulag; one committed suicide and another died in unclear circumstances. Many were accused and convicted of being "spies" and "terrorists" and of "conspiring" against the Soviet regime.
In 1934, the capital moved from Kharkiv to Kyiv, partly due to the famine or Holodomor and to the arrests, imprisonment and executions. The surviving writers moved to the RoLit (Russian Literature) Apartment Block in the new capital of Soviet Ukraine. When the Germans started to bomb Kyiv in 1941 during the "Great Patriotic War" people commented, "One bomb on RoLit would be enough, and Ukrainian literature will cease to exist."
In the game "Будинок СЛОВО" (Slovo Building), created by the Kharkov Literary Museum, Maryna Kutsenko, and Olga Cheremska, players act as residents of the house during the 1930s.
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